High quality (UK manufactured) coil valve springs to fit 1920's OHV models up to 1933, early (Walter Moore) type CS1 models and the first Arthur Carrol SOHC CS1 engines up to 1932/33 - see detail listing for more information and if your machine requires this type of spring.  Price is for a set of 4 springs (i.e. enough for one engine) 

These springs were fitted to the 1920's models and are easily identified by the valve cap that were fitted to these OHV/CS1 models of the 1920's - which as can be seen in the accompanyning photographs were deeply recessed and conical in the centre, so that the inner spring fitted in the recess of the central recessed part of the conical top cup.

They have been manufactured by a well established UK spring manufacturer, who makes all our valve springs.  An original set of 1920's Norton valve springs were used as patterns, and they are shown in the photographs, next to ours, along with a pair of original top and bottom valve spring cups of the same era - where the top valve spring cup has an easily identifiable conical shape with radial drill holes.

It is hard to be precise about years - but according to most information availble it seems this type of valve spring was fitted to both OHV and CS1 SOHC models up to the end of 1932 or possibly 1933, at which time the spring design and valve cups was changed so that the inner spring was a greater diameter than this early type (although the outer spring seems to be identical). 

Looking at different Norton Spare Parts catalogs - this type of spring cup and springs were shown listed in 1928/29 for CS1 and all OHV models (although the Model 19 springs may have been different - see Item 0967) - at which time the Walter Moore 'Cricket Bat' type CS1 engine was current.  At this time the part numbers for these springs were 4058/59

However, the same style of valve cups and springs were still shown listed as fitting OHV and CS1 models in the 1931/32 Spare Parts catalog, by which time the Walter Moore CS1 had been superceded by the better known Arthur Carroll SOHC design (that later became the International).  It seems this earlier valve spring design carried over first of the later type CS1 engines, before being superceded in approx 1932/33 - but by then the part numbers for the springs were referred to as 3X60/61 (the '3X' being a common way of identifying part numbers in the early 1930's). 

I believe the Terry's numbers for these springs were: VS114 (1920's OHV) or VS109 (pre 34 SOHC).

By the time of the 1934 Norton Spare Parts Catalog came out - the valve springs and cups had changed to the later design (the springs being type 3076/7, our Item number 0889). We also sell spring sets of that later design which replaced this early type - Item 0889, but although they are similar, the later type used very different valve spring cups (see Item 0673 which is the later type 1930's valve cap) - if your engine uses that later type of valve cap, rather than the type shown in these photographs, then you will require valve springs 0889 rather than this type. If unsure, please email for detail.

Talking to some knowledgable Norton people about this spring design - I have heard a view that it is good coil valve spring design to have the inner spring touching the outer spring on compression - and the later (Item 0889) design shows an inner spring much closer to the outer spring, which may be why Norton's changed the outer spring only on the Post 1932 design.  However, if you have an earlier type engine (i.e. 1920's or early 1930's), but fitted with the later flatter (i.e. not conical) top spring cups - this may because previous owner's had changed over to the later spring design later in the motorcycle's life.

If you are unsure - then email us with your engine details and we will try and help identify the correct spring for your engine.

Note we also offer a very similar spring to these - Item 0967, of which were listed by Terry's as being fitted to the 596cc OHV model (presumably late 1920's), which look to use the same valve cups, but are of a different length again.

IMPORTANT UPDATE MAY 2022:  Please note that we are currently checking with some owners of early flat tank and 1928 CS1 owners - it is looking likely that very early Walter Moore CS1 models (i.e. 1928) and pre-1929 OHV machines may have been fitted with smaller diameter valves spring cups and springs - that although looking very similar to these, are actually of a lesser diameter.  As soon as we have verified this, I will update this listing . . . but please contact us before purchasing if you intend to fit these (or valve spring cups - Item 1029 that fit with these springs) to a pre 1929 CS1 mode or OHV model - as earlier springs and cups may have slightly different diameters.  FYI - the outer diameter of these Item 0966 outer springs are @42.5mm OD.  If we verify a smaller/earlier type was used - if someone is able to supply a pattern, we will manufacture a batch. I have an original Norton spare parts supplement showing this type fitted in at least 1929, so maybe they changed the diameter some way in the middle of the Walter Moore CS1 production run, realising they needed to be stronger?

This item is for a pair of the distinctive 'conical' shaped valve spring cups, of the type that were fitted on OHV and Walter Moore CS1 Norton engines trom approximately 1928 up to 1931.  CNC machined from an original pattern, including radial holes (for the top valve cup) - these are designed to fit the early spring type (which we can also supply - Item 0966 or 0967). 

Note: sold as a top and bottom cup pair - 2 sets required per engine.

PLEASE NOTE BEFORE ORDERING:  There were 2 types of Conical cups (not commonly known) made by Norton - an earlier type fitted from 1924 - @1928, of smaller diameter, THEN THIS TYPE: made from approximately 1928/29, but I am told - sometimes retrospectively fitted to earlier models.  If ordering this type, they are intended for our Valve Springs Item 0966 or 0967.  We only sell the valve springs for the earlier type, not the conical cups - they are Item 1135 (see the listing for this spring for more information).  The earlier type valve spring will not fit these cups. See photo.

This type of valve cap are now extremely hard to find, this is possibly the first batch made since Norton Motors last made them  . . . probably about 1931! 

They are the second design of Conical Valve Spring cups - and look to have been fitted from approximately 1928 onwards.  Prior to this date, a smaller diameter set of springs were fitted, with much smaller diameter cups and springs.  That initial design was first fitted from 1924 with the first OHV design - and carried through to the earliest Walter Moore CS1 models in 1927.  It was almost certainly found at the time that those smaller diameter valve springs were too flimsy for the power and revs of the CS1 engine and it looks like they were changed for this second type of spring and the cups shown here in approximately 1928.  However, talking to those in the know - it would seem that a number of owners retrospectively changed earlier models (both CS1 and OHV) from the early small springs (our Item 1135) to the later spring (our Item 0966), and at the same time fitted these 1929 onwards type conical caps.

If you are unsure which type of cups and springs are fitted to your model - email us for dimensions before ordering on sales@racingvincent.co. uk

(Note: as I update this listing in November 2022 - although we can offer the Pre 29 valve springs, Item 1135, we do not manufature that very early type conical cups - but if you do want them, email us - I may consider a small batch if enough interest)

Sold as a matching top and bottom cup (they are sold as a pair as they cannot be used with any other type of Norton spring - they are specific to this earlier design), each pair of cups has been CNC machined to the original specifications (originals used as patterns), from similar material to original, and come with a black rust preventive finish applied.  2 Pairs are required per engine.

We can also supply the correct 1920's type coil valve springs - both the 500cc OHV/SOHC type (our Item no 0966) and the even rarer 596cc OHV spring (our Item no 0977), of which both types were copied from original patterns.

These are CNC manufactured to fine tolerance in EN8 steel, then black chemical dipped to protect from rust.  Price is for a single matched pair (i.e. 2 pairs required per engine).  As you can see - these are not cheap, but hope you will appreciate that the setup costs for a quite complex design, and small volumes means they are as competitively priced as we can make them (in reality - I doubt we will ever sell enough to get back the setup costs!).  

Background and Fitting Information:

These conical type valve spring cups are designed to take the 1920's Norton valve spring design - where the inner spring was substantially smaller than the outer spring, both in outer diameter and length.  Therefore it was necessary to design a top spring retaining plate which was conical in outer shape, to allow seating of both springs at very different points.  Because of that spring design, it also necessitated that the inner section of the top valve cup is heavily concave and curved - and has 6 radial holes drilled in them to reduce the overall weight of the top valve cup.  By the early 1930's (sometime in 1931 I believe), this design was replaced on both OHV and SOHC design by a pair of springs were the inner spring was taller and closer in diameter to the inner - I am told this could be because it was realised that having valve springs that touched was a better design.

As far as I can tell, these conical type valve spring cups were fitted to the following models:

- 1920's OHV Models up to 1931 :  They are listed in late 1920's Spare Parts Catalogs as either part numbers 4060/4061 (top/bottom) or parts numbers 5131 (top).  I cannot guarantee if this design was used on the very first OHV models (1922) - but assume they were, and would be glad to have that confirmed by any owner lucky enough to own one this early or thereabouts

- 1927 - 1930 Walter Moore SOHC CS1: Known as the 'Cricket Bat' engine because of its distinctive timing cover and bevel tube shape, this design of valve caps (in conjunction with our 0966 valve springs), were used on that engine - part number 4060/4061.

- 1930 1931 Arthur Carroll SOHC CS1: As far as we are aware, the very first Arthur Carroll SOHC engines (i.e. pre-cursor to the Interanational) also used this type of valve cup design, up until sometime in 1931.  Although surviving engines may have been restrospectively fitted with the later design 'flat cup' to valve spring cup - we would be interested to hear from any owners of an original pre-31 Arthur Carroll engine fitted with this type of conical cups

Fitting information and parts interchangability:  These valve spring cups, and our matching valve springs - 0966 and 0977 were all copied from original Norton patterns.  Looking at the Spare Parts catalogs for the late 1920's, it is possible to see that the valve design for most of the engines had a pronounced 'Tulip' type valve head design.  I have a drawing of one of these valves, and can see they are very similar in dimensions to the later Norton ES2 OHV valve which we stock - Item 0678.  

You will see that in one of the accompanyning photographs we have assembled the top and bottom conical cups, along with valve spring 0966, our OHV collets (0675). G&S ES2 Valve (0678) and our ES2 Valve guide (0696).  Unfortunately I do not have an original valve guide from a 1920's cylinder head, so I cannot confirm that the valve guide (0696) that we sell would have exactly the same chamfer for the bottom valve sring cup as an original 1920s valve guide - but it looks very close.  If anyone has an original valve guide, I would be interested to confirm the chamfer - but please email us if you are ordering any of the parts above for your 1920s model and happy to confirm dimensions of our listed part's shown here - sales@racingvincent.co.uk.

We may consider making a batch of the tulip headed valves in the near future if enough interest - but I know of other owners that have fitted ES2 valves (our item number 0678) to their CS1.

High quality (UK manufactured) coil valve springs to fit 1920's 596 OHV models up to 1933, although they may also fit others models fitted with early conical type top valve caps - email us for details if you are unsure on sales@racingvincent.co.uk

Similar to Item 0966 - These springs were fitted to the 1920's models and are easily identified by the valve cap that were fitted to these OHV/CS1 models of the 1920's - which as can be seen in the accompanyning photographs were deeply recessed and conical in the centre, so that the inner spring fitted in the recess of the central recessed part of the conical top cup.

They have been manufactured by a well established UK spring manufacturer, who makes all our valve springs.  An original set of 1920's/30's Terry valve springs were used as patterns - which are shown in the photographs, next to ours, along with a pair of original top and bottom valve spring cups of the same era - where the top valve spring cup has an easily identifiable conical shape with radial drill holes.

It is hard to be precise about years and models (as some Norton Spare Parts catalogs list the Model 19 valve spring being the same as fitted to the 500cc Model 18) - but the writing on the box that these Terry's springs came in clearly state they are pattern VS110 (which indicates 596cc OHV in their reference charts) and says they are 596cc OHV type on the packet.  It is difficult to say which years this type of spring were fitted up until, but as they fit the earlier conical type valve caps - it seems evident they are pre 1933.

The Terry's numbers for these springs were: VS110.

If you are unsure if these are correct for your engine - then email us with your engine details and we will try and help identify the correct spring for your engine and confirm dimensions of these springs.

Note we also offer a very similar spring to these - Item 0966, which are for the 500cc OHV/CS1 pre-33 engines, again we can confirm spring dimensions and differences if you are unsure

Final Note: As I update this listing in Dec 2020, we are looking to manufacture a small batch of the earlier valve sping conical type valve caps in early 2021.  We will only make limited numbers of these - if you wish to reserve a set, please email at sales@racingvincent.co.uk

High quality (UK manufactured) coil valve springs to fit both OHV and CS1 (i.e. non hairpin SOHC) models from 1933 to 1947 single cylinder models (longer length than later coil springs -see detail listing for more information.  Price is for a set of 4 springs (i.e. enough for one engine)

These springs are of the earlier type fitted to both OHV and CS1 engines from approximately 1933 - 34 to 1947 (i.e. the OHV engine that proceeded the major OHV Edgar Franks redesign in 1948).

These springs were originally Terry reference VS108, but evidence from knowledgeable colleagues indicate that VS105 (350cc OHC) and VS111 (596 OHC) were identical.

They are identifiable from the OHV valve spring that followed them in 1948 by being slightly longer.  These valve springs have an outer spring overall length of 66mm, compared to the shorter outer spring length of 51.7mm of the later spring (which we also offer - Item 0677). 

These springs are manufactured by the same company that make our SOHC hairpin valve springs, and an original 'New old stock' pair of Terry springs to the correct pattern, as well as a good used pair were used as the templates.

These springs should be used in conjunction with the indented top valve spring cup - Item 0673, not the later flat topped type (Item 0674), although the bottom valve spring cup (Item 0672) is the same for both types.  Also, if you have a pre-33 engine (OHV or SOHC) check our other valve spring listings, as they were different again and employed a different design with conical type top valve spring cups. 

High quality (UK manufactured) coil valve springs to fit all Norton OHV single cylinder models (ES2, Model 18, Model 19, Model 50) from 1948 - 1959.  The 1948 onwards engine is one of the most popular, but employed a different spring and cups to the OHV earlier engines, these are the correct type springs.

These springs are of the type fitted to the 1948 - 1959 OHV engine.  The outer spring is 51.7mm length and 42.2 outer diamter.  The inner spring is 51.2mm and 33.2mm outer diameter.

These springs are manufactured by the same company that make our SOHC hairpin valve springs, and an original 'New old stock' pair of Terry Norton ES2 coil valve springs were used as pattern to match spring strength.

Price is for a set of 4 springs.

Note: Like many Norton OHV owners who have had various models their collection - for many years I did not appreciate that the pre-1948 OHV engine (i.e. 1938 - 47 design, that included Model 18, ES2 and Model 50) had different valve springs to the design adopted in 1948.  In fact, I am pretty sure that I had stripped down 1947 type engines (i.e. those with long pushrods and see-saw type cam followers, with hardened pins pressed in on one end), and found them fitted with the same valve springs as the 1948 onwards engine.

However, the main difference between the two types of valve springs is that this (later) 1948 onwards type is slightly shorter, and employs a flat topped Top Valve Cap (which we also offer - Item 0674), while the earlier 1938/47 engine uses the pre-war length valve springs and conical Top Valve Cap (Item 0673).

If you are unsure which type of valve spring your engine requires, please email us on sales@racingvincent.co.uk and we can help identify the correct type for your engine.

Note: We are always learning and I would be interested to know from any owners who have what they believe to be a an original set of 1938-47 valve springs - particularly a New Old Stock of Terrys valve springs for this model . . . so that I can confirm that the 1947 type were the same as the pre-war 1938 - 39 type, as shown in the 1938/39 Spare Parts Catalog (to my knowledge, Norton did not print another Spare Parts Catalog until the introduction of the newly designed OHV engine in 1948).  Thanks.

- Coil Valve Spring Bottom Cup to fit early SOHC (coil spring variant) Model 30/40 International, CS1/CJ as well as all Norton OHV models.

These valve spring parts (see also Item 0673 and 0674 for the two different types of corresponding coil valve spring top cups that match with this item) are CNC manufactured by us, copied from original patterns.  They are steel as per originals, then they are chemically blackened to protect from rust.  They are also stored in light Duck oil.

Coil springs were used on all early Norton SOHC Carrol engines - Model 30/40 and CS1/CJ until 1935.  Works engines first used hairpin valve springs in 1934 and Model 30/40 International engines switched to hairpin valve spings in 1935, but CS1/CJ engines continued with these coil springs .  They were also fitted to OHV engines (Model 18,50,55, 19, ES2) all the way through the 1940's and through the different later design of 1950's OHV engines until the late 1950's.  This bottom spring cup plate is of the correct type for all these coil spring engines

Note see item 0674 for corresponding top cup for later 1948 onwards OHV valve engines, or item 0673 for the earlier top cup plate fitted to all coil spring SOHC engines and pre-48 OHV engines.

The corresponding valve springs for these cup plates are Item 0677.  Note however, collets for SOHC and OHV engines are different, of which we sell all the different types

You will see in the corresponding photographs I have shown a picture of the bottom cup sat on top of an original OHV cast iron valve guide. The photograph following that one shows our (freshly blackened) item next to the original item for compariison.

I have also shown a line diagram of the original coil spring SOHC engine - if fitting these to an SOHC engine you need to check it is the correct coil spring cylinder head - not a later Inter hairpin head (normally identifiable because hairpin heads have the seat where the spring holder sits milled flat).  To help with this identification - I have attached a picture from the 1937 Norton Spare Parts catalog which shows a hairpin International cylinder head (8771) next to a coil spring CS1 cylinder head (8772) so you can see the detail differences

- Coil Valve Spring Top Cup to fit early SOHC (coil spring variant) Model 30/40 International, CS1/CJ as well as pre-1948 Norton OHV models.

These valve spring parts (see also Item 0672 for the corresponding coil valve spring bottom cup that match with this item) are CNC manufactured by us, dimensions copied from original patterns.  They are steel as per originals, then they are chemically blackened to protect from rust.  They are also stored in light Duck oil.

Coil springs were used on all early Norton SOHC Carrol engines - Model 30/40 and CS1/CJ until 1935.  Works engines first used hairpin valve springs in 1934 and Model 30/40 International engines switched to hairpin valve spings in 1935, but CS1/CJ engines continued with these coil springs .  They were also fitted to OHV engines (Model 18,50,55, 19, ES2) all the way through the 1940's and through the different later design of 1950's OHV engines until the late 1950's.  This top cup plate is of the correct type for OHV engines fitted up to 1948 - identifiable from later 48 onward OHVmodels because the earlier engine had rocker box with seperate alloy distance pieces between head and rocker box.  

Note: If you have a post 1948 OHV model (identifiable by pushrod tubes slightly further apart than pre-48 models and a single part  see item 0674 for corresponding top cup for later 1948 onwards OHV valve engines, not this version

The corresponding valve springs for these cup plates are Item 0677.  Note however, collets for SOHC and OHV engines are different, of which we sell all the different types

The engine photographs in this listing show the early coil spring SOHC engine - if fitting these to an SOHC engine you need to check it is the correct coil spring cylinder head - not a later Inter hairpin head (normally identifiable because hairpin heads have the seat where the spring holder sits milled flat).  To help with this identification - I have attached a picture from the 1937 Norton Spare Parts catalog which shows a hairpin International cylinder head (8771) next to a coil spring CS1 cylinder head (8772) so you can see the detail differences

This listing also shows two pictures of the 1938-48 style OHV engine this top cup also fits - but they also fit pre 38 OHV engines

- Coil Valve Spring Top Cup to fit 1948 onwards OHV models - Model 18, ES2, Model 19 etc

These valve spring parts (see also Item 0672 for the corresponding coil valve spring bottom cup that match with this item) are CNC manufactured by us, dimensions copied from original patterns.  They are steel as per originals, then they are chemically blackened to protect from rust.  They are also stored in light Duck oil.

This is the coil spring top cup fitted to 1948 onwards OHV engines - identifiable from the earlier top cup in that it has a flat top.  It was fitted to all Norton single cylinder OHV engines from 1948 onwards to the late 1950's, i.e. those engines with a single casting rocker box.  I am not sure why the design changed, but I think resulted in fractionally less pressure on valve springs as the height slightly different to the earlier type (which we also sell - see Item 0673).

However, this top cup is used in conjunction with our coil valve springs and bottom cup (see items 0677 and 0672) which were used on all single cylinder coil spring models - as the bottom cup did not change.

The last two photographs show the later (post 48) OHV engine design which are of the type that this valve spring top cup is intended for

This is the arm fitted to exhaust lifter mechanism on OHV engines, and comes with the special 'reduced head' nut fitted to these arms to avoid fouling rocker boxes.  Both in stainless steel.  

If you already have a fully running motorcycle, then chances arm you do not need this part, as they rarely break - but if you are building a new engine or have a restoration project - the exhaust lifter arm assembly is very often missing and now very difficult to find.

This exhaust lifter arm is taken from the same (malleable stainless steel) casting as we use for the SOHC exhaust lifter arm and gearbox clutch arm.  However, for this arm, the slot and thread is on the opposite side - as per the original OHV exhaust arm, so the bolt head is accessable with a spanner without fouling the rocker box.  The other main difference with this arm is that it has a more acute bend than the SOHC arm, to reach the OHV cable adjuster - we do this by heating the casting to cherry red, to allow the arm to be repositioned without damage and then allowed to cool slowly to avoid stresses.  The arms themselves are CNC machined, as are the special nuts, and have the correct recess for the cable abutment as originals did 

It should be noted that the original OHV Exhaust Lifter casting is slightly different to this arm, and the original arm is fractionally longer.  Due to the small amount of demand we have for this arm - we could not warrant manufacturing a new pattern, so the SOHC has been modified to do the job - so we can offer a usable alternative.  However,  other than the arm reach being fractionally shorter, it does the job just as the original.

The bolt that comes with the arm is modelled on the original, with correct chamfer and reduced head shape - again, so a smaller spanner can be used without fouling the rocker box.  This is CNC manufactured in stainless steel

This arm will fit both types of OHV engine shown in the photograph - on the left is a 1938 - 47 rockerbox and on the right is a 1948 - 59 rockerbox.  It may also fit earlier OHV engines - but I have not tried this, so email us for details if you have one of these earlier engines

Note - in the 4th photograph we show a picture of the correct Norton type Volute spring used with these exhaust lifter arms - we sell this item seperately: Item 0379.

In the final photograph you will see the 1948-59 type rockerbox on the right has the exhaust valve spindle removed with the exhaust lifter arm fitted to it.  This is actually a new-oldstock item I have as a pattern.  I do not have any plans to make this item at the moment but email on sales@racingvincent.co.uk if you require on and I may consider making a batch

This Rocker Adjuster and Tapered Locknut are to fit Flat Tank OHV Models (i.e Model 18 and Model 19) between approximately 1926 and 1929 - the distinguishing features of this type being that this type screwed into the front of the OHV Rockers, and had a 'ball' profile at the end - that fitted directly into the top Pushrod cup - see the period photographs that accompany this item listing.

We have CNC manufactured this type of rocker adjuster using an original 1920's Norton item as the pattern - and replicating all dimensions as per the original.  They are made from case hardened EN32B, but like the Norton originals - the threads are 'painted off' before hardening, so the threads do not go brittle in the hardening process.  The reverse end of the adjuster has a square head milled into it, for adjusting tappet clearance iwth a small spanner - again replicating the dimensions of the original Norton square.  It should be noted that the thread of these early type Rocker Adjusters (and the slightly later adjusters we also offer - Item 1121 and 1122) is actually 9/32" x 26tpi BSC thread - as per the original item.

As well as teh actual hardened adjuster, we also include the correct profile locknut - which has a slight taper on one end - which should fit into the original Norton OHV Rocker recess.  The other end has a minimum chamfer.  Again, this locknut is copied from an original period Item - but unlike the original, ours are CNC manufactured from stainless steel - to prevent rusting.  It should be noted that on the original 1920's nut that we coped - we noted that the depth of this nut was fractionally shallower than the original 1930 onwards original nut we also manufacture (Item 1123) - but the difference is minimal, and I suspect either type could be used.

Each Rocker Adjuster and Locknut is supplied assembled with high melting point grease applied - to prevent corrosion in storage.

Price is for a single adjuster and locknut (i.e. 2 parts) - Therefore 2 of these are required per engine.

Backgound:  This distinctive 'Ball Ended' rocker adjuster were fitted to 1920's Flat Tank OHV Nortons.  I am not an expert myself on flat tank Norton's - but from what I can see in original Photos and Spare Parts List's (and talking to helpful customers with more Flat Tank knowledge than me!) - I beileve the very first Norton OHV in 1924-1925 may have had a slightly different design of Rocker Adjuster - and this type were probably not fitted until approximately 1926.  

Therefore if you have a very early OHV Norton before 1926 (lucky you!) - then please confirm for yourself if this type of adjuster will fit your engine.  I believe the very first engines had an adjuster with Part Number 1027 (i.e. earlier than the design listed here) - so you will need to check your engine for yourself (but if you do have an earlier design - we would be interested to see a picture, and get dimensions from you, thx).

We believe this adjuster was introduced sometime around 1926 and it was still listed in the Norton Model 18/Side Valve Spare Parts List of 1929 - by which time the Walter Moore CS1 and OHV ES2 models were showing the later Rear Rocker/Flat Pad (our Item 1121) design of rocker being fitted.  Therefore there looks to be a short period where both types of rocker adjuster were being offered concurrently - but on different models. 

Please satisfy yourself this adjuster type is correct for your model - but you can email us on sales@racingvincent.co.uk if you require more information.

Update October 2022:  As you can see, these items are not cheap - but reflect the amount of time we have spent checking originals, and setup on very small batch's (as well as greatly increased material and hardening prices in recent times).  Hopefully you will understand that the price reflects the small batch quantities of these we manufacture.  And of course - original examples are now almost impossible to find!